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| c. 1440 |
| | | Cuzco, city of the Incas, grows rapidly in power after Pachacuti ('transformer of the earth') becomes emperor | |
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| 1442 |
| | | Naples is captured by Alfonso V, breaking the link with France and uniting Sicily and Naples as an Aragonese kingdom | |
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| 1443 |
| | | Skanderbeg, Albania's national hero, begins his long campaign of successes against the Turks | |
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| c. 1443 |
| | | The Dominican convent of San Marco, in Florence, is provided with a serenely beautiful series of frescoes by Fra Angelico and his assistants | |
|  | Fresco in San Marco Monastery
Fotofile CG
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| 1443 |
| | | The Hungarian general Janos Hunyadi takes Sofia from the Turks and in the next few months liberates most of Bulgaria, Serbia and Albania | |
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| 1444 |
| | | A Turkish army routs the Hungarians at Varna on the Black Sea, beginning a process which brings the Turks to the gates of Belgrade by 1456 | |
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| 1445 |
| | | A Muslim ruler is established in Malacca, forming the first of many Muslim dynasties in the Malay archipelago | |
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| 1446 |
| | | Portugal claims ownership of the region of Guinea, subsequently the centre of their slave trade on the west African coast | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | Piero della Francesca paints masterpieces in his small home town of San Sepolcro | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | The matchlock, ignited from a smouldering length of rope, becomes the standard form of musket | |
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